2003
R. Smoum, Rubinstein, A. , ו Srebnik, M.. 2003.
“Combined 1H, 13C And 11B Nmr And Mass Spectral Assignments Of Boronate Complexes Of D-(+)-Glucose, D-(+)-Mannose, Methyl-?-D-Glucopyranoside, Methyl-?-D-Galactopyranoside And Methyl-?-D-Mannopyranoside”. Magnetic Resonance In Chemistry, 41, 12, Pp. 1015-1020.
Communication in Repeated Games with Costly Monitoring with Michael Kahneman We study repeated games with discounting where perfect monitoring is possible, but costly. It is shown that if players can make public announcements, then every payo. vector which is an interior point in the set of feasible and individually rational payo.s can be implemented in a sequential equilibrium of the repeated game when the discount factor is high enough. Thus, e.ciency can be approximated even when the cost of monitoring is high, provided that the discount factor is high enough.Key words: Repeated games, costly monitoring, Communication.
Three values for non-transferable utility games – the Harsanyi NTU-value, the Shapley NTU-value, and the Maschler-Owen consistent NTU-value – are compared in a simple example.
Comparative studies of special education policy typically compare the provision of special education services in different countries, based primarily on comparative variables such as legal mandates, rules and regulations, and budgetary allocations. Aside from the analysis of these surface structures, it is imperative also to take into account the deep structures (i.e., sociohistorical background) of the culture that created those policies. In this study, different aspects of Israeli and Palestinian Authority special educational policies were compared on both surface and deep levels. The surface analysis revealed that both systems are currently undergoing major revisions and restructuring. On the one hand, the Israeli system is redefining how it will educate children with special educational needs in more inclusive settings (in stark contrast to previous segregationist policy). On the other hand, special education in the Palestinian Authority is an emerging field, currently experimenting with different models of inclusionary practices. Despite their differences, both systems are similar in that teachers are being asked to implement these changes. On a deep-structure level distinctions were noted between Palestinian and Israeli teacher views related to equity issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)
We present three axioms for a power index defined on the domain of simple (voting) games. Positivity requires that no voter has negative power, and at least one has positive power. Transfer requires that, when winning coalitions are enhanced in a game, the change in voting power depends only on the change in the game, i.e., on the set of new winning coalitions. The most crucial axiom is composition: the value of a player in a compound voting game is the product of his power in the relevant first-tier game and the power of his delegate in the second-tier game. We prove that these three axioms categorically determine the Banzhaf index.
Hidemasa Bono, Nikaido, Itoshi , Kasukawa, Takeya , Hayashizaki, Yoshihide , Okazaki, Yasushi , Group, RIKEN GER , ו Members, GSL . 2003.
“Comprehensive Analysis Of The Mouse Metabolome Based On The Transcriptome”. Genome Res., 13, 6B, Pp. 1345–1349.
תקציר The complete set of cDNAs encoding the enzymes of known metabolic pathways has not previously been available for any mammal. Here, transcripts encoding the metabolic pathways of the mouse (mouse metabolome) were reconstructed by making use of the KEGG metabolic pathway database and gene ontology (GO) assignment to the mouse representative transcript and protein set (RTPS), which contains all available mouse transcript sequences including the FANTOM set of RIKEN mouse cDNA clones. By assigning EC numbers extracted from the molecular function ontology in GO, the known mouse transcriptome was predicted to encode enzymes with 726 unique EC numbers. Of these, 648 EC numbers were newly assigned based on the FANTOM set. The mouse metabolome confirmed by cDNA analysis includes almost all of the enzymes of well known pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and urea cycle. On the other hand, analysis of enzymes required for the tryptophan metabolism pathway revealed a lack of connectivity, indicating that cDNAs/genes encoding several key enzymes remain to be identified. The information derived from coexpression from the cDNA microarray analysis of enzymes of known function may lead to identification of the missing components of the metabolome, and will add new insights into the connectivity of the mammalian metabolic pathways.
Rebecca Holmes, Williamson, Christine , Peters, Jo , Denny, Paul , Wells, Christine , Group, RIKEN GER , ו Members, GSL . 2003.
“A Comprehensive Transcript Map Of The Mouse Gnas Imprinted Complex”. Genome Res., 13, 6B, Pp. 1410–1415.
תקציר The recent publication of the FANTOM mouse transcriptome has provided a unique opportunity to study the diversity of transcripts arising from a single gene locus. We have focused on the Gnas complex, as imprinting loci themselves provide unique insights into transcriptional regulation. Thirteen full-length cDNAs from the FANTOM2 set were mapped to the Gnas locus. These represented one previously described transcript and 12 putative new transcripts. Of these, eight were found to be differentially expressed from either the maternal or paternal allele. Two clones extended Nespas in the 3' direction, providing evidence of antisense transcription spanning a 30-kb genomic region from a single allele. The transcripts were summarized into six transcriptional units, Nespas, Nesp, Gnasxl, F7, exon 1A, and Gnas. The resolution of the Gnas transcript map by the FANTOM2 clones revealed a pattern of alternate splicing. In addition to the transcripts described previously as splicing onto exon 2 of Gnas, each new sense transcript had an alternate short 3'UTR independent of Gnas. Both spliced and unspliced variants of the new imprinted sense transcripts were found. Whereas the functional significance of these alternate transcripts is not known, the availability of the FANTOM clones has provided remarkable insights into the repertoire of transcripts in the Gnas complex locus.
Voting problems with a continuum of voters and finitely many alternatives are considered. The classical Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorems are shown to persist in this model, not for single voters but for coalitions of positive size. The emphasis of the study is on strategic considerations, relaxing the nonmanipulability requirement: are there social choice functions such that for every profile of preferences there exists a strong Nash equilibrium resulting in the alternative assigned by the social choice function? Such social choice functions are called exactly and strongly consistent. The study offers an extension of the work of Peleg (1978a) and others. Specifically, a class of anonymous social choice functions with the required property is characterized through blocking coefficients of alternatives, and associated effectivity functions are studied. Finally, representation of effectivity functions by game forms having a strong Nash Equilibrium is studied.
A game form constitutionally implements a social choice correspondence if it implements it in Nash equilibrium and, moreover, the associated effectivity functions coincide. This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for a unanimous social choice correspondence to be constitutionally implementable, and sufficient and almost necessary conditions for an arbitrary (but surjective) social choice correspondence to be constitutionally implementable. It is shown that the results apply to interesting classes of scoring and veto rules.
The term “humanistic discourse” designates a dual operation: on the one hand, it views the function of the humanities from a contextual perspective, and on the other it feeds its assessment back into these contextual realities. This two-sidedness is a hallmark of humanistic discourse, which is meant not only to grasp the significance of its subject matters, such as literature and the arts, from a stance outside themselves, but also to channel this into what originally conditioned the viewing. Humanistic discourse becomes an interface between contextual realities and humanistic subject matters. Contextual realities provide frames, thus setting parameters for the humanistic discourse through which literature and the arts are conceived. The nation-state and personality formation (Bildung) were prominent frames in Western culture, whereas currently we witness a large-scale politicizing of the humanities. The oppositional discourses thus evolving do not call themselves “humanistic” any longer, as such a label represents what they are fighting against. However, the function of these discourses remains the same; it is still an interface between a frame, i.e. politics, and what is left of humanistic subject matter. There is still the canon as a frame, although it has changed its status: it is no longer considered as an assembly of canonical authors but is seen as cultural capital which is either coveted by different groups or augmented by elevating the literary products of minorities to canonical status. Recently the “market” has become a new frame, and what the latter demands is “cultural competence,” not least, as globalization requires an expertise in foreign cultures on a great many levels. The burgeoning “area studies” try to meet such a demand; the humanities are thus confronted with the task of utilizing the knowledge produced in order to intervene in social life. As to their future, frames are not as stable as they used to be in the past. Humanistic discourse may not be able to establish frames, but will still link up with a world outside literature and the arts by charting the extent to which the world of archives may counterbalance the losses incurred by a scientifically-based culture. For this reason, humanistic discourse has to undergo another change of self-definition, as it has done ever since it entered the stage. Changing self-definitions are an essential feature of the quest for validity. Wolfgang Iser (1926--2007)
University of Konstanz and University of California, Irvine
Author of The Implied Reader: Patterns of Communication of in Prose Fiction from Bunyan to Beckett (1974); The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response (1978); Lawrence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy (1985); Walter Pater: The Aesthetic Moment (1987); Prospecting: From Reader Response to Literary Anthropology (1989); The Fictive and the Imaginary: Charting Literary Anthropology (1993), The Range of Interpretation (2000), and How to Do Theory (2006). Updated in 2007 |
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The term “humanistic discourse” designates a dual operation: on the one hand, it views the function of the humanities from a contextual perspective, and on the other it feeds its assessment back into these contextual realities. This two-sidedness is a hallmark of humanistic discourse, which is meant not only to grasp the significance of its subject matters, such as literature and the arts, from a stance outside themselves, but also to channel this into what originally conditioned the viewing. Humanistic discourse becomes an interface between contextual realities and humanistic subject matters. Contextual realities provide frames, thus setting parameters for the humanistic discourse through which literature and the arts are conceived. The nation-state and personality formation (Bildung) were prominent frames in Western culture, whereas currently we witness a large-scale politicizing of the humanities. The oppositional discourses thus evolving do not call themselves “humanistic” any longer, as such a label represents what they are fighting against. However, the function of these discourses remains the same; it is still an interface between a frame, i.e. politics, and what is left of humanistic subject matter. There is still the canon as a frame, although it has changed its status: it is no longer considered as an assembly of canonical authors but is seen as cultural capital which is either coveted by different groups or augmented by elevating the literary products of minorities to canonical status. Recently the “market” has become a new frame, and what the latter demands is “cultural competence,” not least, as globalization requires an expertise in foreign cultures on a great many levels. The burgeoning “area studies” try to meet such a demand; the humanities are thus confronted with the task of utilizing the knowledge produced in order to intervene in social life. As to their future, frames are not as stable as they used to be in the past. Humanistic discourse may not be able to establish frames, but will still link up with a world outside literature and the arts by charting the extent to which the world of archives may counterbalance the losses incurred by a scientifically-based culture. For this reason, humanistic discourse has to undergo another change of self-definition, as it has done ever since it entered the stage. Changing self-definitions are an essential feature of the quest for validity. |
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An effectivity function assigns to each coalition of individuals in a society a family of subsets of alternatives such that the coalition can force the outcome of society's choice to be a member of each of the subsets separately. A representation of an effectivity function is a game form with the same power structure as that specified by the effectivity function. In the present paper we investigate the continuity properties of the outcome functions of such representation. It is shown that while it is not in general possible to find continuous representations, there are important subfamilies of effectivity functions for which continuous representations exist. Moreover, it is found that in the study of continuous representations one may practically restrict attention to effectivity functions on the Cantor set. Here it is found that general effectivity functions have representations with lower or upper semicontinuous outcome function.
We address the issue of the representation as well as the evolution of (possibly) mistaken beliefs. We develop a formal setup (a mutual belief space) in which agents might have a mistaken view of what the model is. We then model a communication process, by which agents communicate their beliefs to one another. We define a revision rule that can be applied even when agents have contradictory beliefs. We study its properties and, in particular, show that, when mistaken, agents do not necessarily eventually agree after communicating their beliefs. We finally address the dynamics of revision and show that when beliefs are mistaken, the order of communication may affect the resulting belief structure.
T Hirose, , , Ben-Zvi, I , Yakimenko, V , Kusche, K , Siddons, P , Kumita, T , Kamiya, Y , Zigler, A , Greenberg, B , ו others, . 2003.
“Counter-Propagation Of Electron And Co2 Laser Beams In A Plasma Channel”. בתוך Aip Conference Proceedings, 680:Pp. 815–819. American Institute of Physics.
H Furedi-Milhofer, Kamishny, Alexey , Yano, Junko , Aserin, Abraham , Garti, Nissim. , Fueredi-Milhofer, Helga , Kamishny, Alexey , Yano, Junko , Aserin, Abraham , ו Garti, Nissim.. 2003.
“Crystallization Of Organic Compounds In Reversed Micelles. Iii. Solubilization Of Aspartame”. Langmuir, 19, 15, Pp. 5984–5990. doi:10.1021/la026933l.
The artificial sweetener, aspartame, is a dipeptide, consisting of a hydrophobic phenylalanine methyl ester entity and a hydrophilic aspartyl residue. In this work, its solubilization in five different types of water in oil (w/o) microemulsions (MEs) was investigated. The stabilizing surfactants and cosurfactants of the MEs were ME1, sodium di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (ACT) and no cosurfactant; ME2, maleic anhydride alpha-olefin copolymer and dimethyl amino ethanol; ME 3, sucrose ester monostearate and n-butanol; ME 4, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and n-butanol; and ME 5, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids and L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. The maximum amount that could be dissolved (boundary concentration) was determined by adding powdered aspartame to a heated ME and cooling to a specified temperature under controlled conditions. The solutions that remained clear for at least 4 days were regarded as stable, and those of the stable solutions with the highest aspartame concentrations were taken as having the boundary concentrations. From the solubility data, the distribution of the aspartame molecules between the w/o interface and the water pools was calculated, and the results were correlated with the molecular structure and ionic state of the surfactant. The results show that aspartame can be solubilized in all the investigated MEs to an extent, exceeding by far its solubility in pure water, and that overall solubilization is most efficient in water/isooctane MEs stabilized with ACT (ME1). While the aspartame solubility in the water pools was comparable in all the investigated MEs, the aspartame/surfactant molar ratio at the w/o interface was found to decrease with decreasing polarity of the stabilizing surfactant at the interface. In addition to the solubilization studies, the effect of aspartame on some properties of ME1 was investigated. It was found that aspartame lowers the interfacial tension at the water/isooctane/AOT interface and, under certain conditions, stabilizes unstable mixtures of water, isooctane, and ACT. The results of small-angle X-ray scattering measurements show that the ME droplet sizes increase in the presence of aspartame molecules and their shapes change from near spherical to ellipsoidal. It was concluded that aspartame acts as a cosurfactant in water/isooctane MEs stabilized with ACT.
To model the possible formation of coupled spatial corrugations and charge density modulations in lamellar DNA-lipid complexes, we use a free energy functional which includes the electrostatic, lipid mixing, and elastic degrees of freedom in a self-consistent manner. We find that the balance of forces favors membrane corrugations that are expected to be stable with respect to thermal membrane undulations for a certain range of lipid (charged and uncharged) composition. This may lead to locking between DNA strands in adjacent galleries of the complex. Furthermore, the possibility of membrane corrugations renders the lamellar complex more stable with respect to another, hexagonal, DNA-lipid phase.
Jim Dixon, the protagonist of Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim, is a historical type associated with the post-World War II agenda of broadening the class basis of the British education system. Yet this character also generates meaning through the prism of Michel de Certeau’s The Practice of Everyday Life. De Certeau points out that the resistant relationship between individuals and systems of power in their societies often can be glimpsed through the private individuals’ consumer practices and the spaces in which these practices occur. Jim Dixon lives in---and resists---the hegemonic structure of the University at which he is employed yet where he is made to feel that he does not belong to the various spaces he occupies. He functions as a figure of resistant aliened otherness in the spaces and temporal zones that the book has constructed for him. The novel explores the avenues through which Jim subverts authority, ultimately inviting the reader to resist as well. June 2003: Casey Clabough, a 2005 Fellow at the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Assistant Professor of English at Lynchburg College (USA), is the author of the books Elements: The Novels of James Dickey and Experimentation and Versatility: The Early Novels and Short Fiction of Fred Chappell, as well as a broad range of essays in journals such as Contemporary Literature, The Sewanee Review, and The Virginia Quarterly Review. |
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